Ferdinand seryus



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

IE. SBRVUS. PHOTOG'RAPHIG SHUTTBR.

No. 473,356. Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FERDINAND SERVUS, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

PHOTOGRAPH IC SHUTTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,356, dated April 19, 1892,

Application filed September 13, 1890. Serial No. 364,911. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, FERDINAND SERvUs, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Berlin, Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shutter Mechanisms for Cameras, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact speciiication.

This invention has forits object to provide a new and improved shutter mechanism for a photographic camera whereby time and instantaneous exposurescan be made at the will of the operator.

The invention consists in the features of construction and the combination or arrangement of devices hereinafter described and claimed, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an elevation showing my improved shutter mechanism applied to a camera, the parts being in normal position. Figs. 2 and 3 are similar views showing the shutter in different positions. Fig. et is a sectional view taken on theliney y, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail view showing a portion of the rotary shutter, and Fig. G is a detail vertical sectional view through the spring-case to illustrat-e the spring which turns the shutter.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now describe the same in detail, referring to the drawings, where the letter A indicates the front portion of a camera, which may be of any construction suitable for the conditions required, and therefore is not more fully illustrated in the drawings. The front portion of the camera is preferably constructed with two walls or plates A2 and A3, separated a suitable distance from each other, as in Fig. 4, for a proper arrangement of the shutter between the same; but I do not confine myself to this arrangement.

The two walls of the camera-box are provided with coincident apertures L3 and L4 for the proper arrangement of the cap L and the objective Z, and between the two apertures 1s arranged the rotary shutter S, which 1s adapted to turn on its supporting shaft or axle S8, and is provided with two apertures L5 and Lb. These apertures are used for` instantaneous or time exposures, and for this purpose I employ a novel lever mechanism, hereinafter described.

The shutter S is provided with a central spring-case S5, which turns with the shutter upon the shaft S8, and this shaft is supported by the two walls of the camera-box and is prevented by a ratchet device S7 from turning except in the direction opposite to that in which the spring contained in the springcase tends to turn the shutter. By means of the ring or handle SG the spring can be wound up in a manner similar to winding a watch, although the rotary shutter is locked against movement in the opposite direction, as will hereinafter appear. The shaft SS has its bearing in the walls or plates A2 A3, and its inner end carries the ratchet-wheel of the pawl-andratchet device S7. The case S5 is rigidly secured to the shutter S, and the convolute spring Sq is connected at one end with the case and at the other end with the shaft, so that when the shutter is released the spring acts to turn the shutter and case on the shaft in the direction of the arrow, Figs. l, 2, and 3.

In proximity toits edge the circular shutter S is furnished with an annular groove i", which is only interrupted by the teeth S3 and S4, placed therein. At these points the edge of the shutter is depressed, as represented in Fig. 5, in such manner that openings are produced, into which the teeth fit and where they are secured in any suitable manner. The annular groove S serves for stiffening the shutter, and especially for the reception of a stuffing material S2-such as chenille wool or the like-in order to exclude light, which mayenter the double wall from the aperture L4. In fact, the access of light to the case or box is effectually prevented by the screen L7, which extends to within a short distance of the shutter. The light, therefore, is retracted several times before it can pass the shutter. Moreover, the stuflng material will surely exclude even the weakest light-wave from entering the interior of the camera.

In Fig. l the shutter S and the stop mechanism are shown in the position in which they remain when the apparatus is not in use. The two combined lever mechanisms must be distinguished from each other. rlhe first comprises the three levers 1, 2, and 3. .The le- IOO b to the front wall'or plate A2, while their upper ends are connected by the lever 3. This lever has in its middle a triangular notch 3a and is on one side c narrower than on the other side d. The lever 3-is carr-iedby theleversfl and 2 and can be moved to and fro through the medium of the handle 4, which extends upward through the camerafbox or frame A. On pushing the handle 4, Fig. 1, to the left an instantaneous exposure is given, while for a long exposure the lever mustbe'pushed-to a the right. In the latter case the stopv-nose,4

arranged on the lower end of the lever 2,' is thrown into the path of one ot' the teeth of the shutter. l

The second lever mechanism comprises the three-levers 8 10 12, of whichthe two levers 8 and'12'are pivoted at one'of their'cnds, atV e and f, tothe front plate A2,' andl their other two ends'ar'e positively connected at? and 11 by the intermediate' l'e'ver 10. The' latter is arched or bent laterally at its middle, sothat it extends round the spring-case-S, thus saving-space.` The spring-case determinesl the distance' between the' twoV plates -A2 andA', and'all the levers are betweenthe shutter S and'vt-he'plateAz, the levers 8,3, andi-1.2'bein'g levers, which are made ot' very thinv sheet nos-'es'V 9 and 13, respectively.

metal. A

The levers 8 and 12 are provided with the At the end of thelever 8 is', moreover, provided the tongue 8, which; in the position shown in Fig. 1, fits into thenotch 3av in the lever 3. In this-case the nose 9 bears againsttle tooth Ssand preventstheturning'of' the shutter. By raising the lever '12 it vcan pass to aposition in which it can lock-'that is to say, sto'pi one of the teeth vSi' S4. Then, however, the upperv tooth is released. Oneof the stop-pawls 9 or 13, therefore, always serves alternately for the stopping operation, and the leversS a`nd'12 are connectedwith eachotherby the leverlO in such manner that one'too'thfis never out of engagement until the' other is in position to stop theshutter. Provision has, however, been'm'ade for a lateral movement Vof thele'- Ver12, inasmuch as owing t0v the*l slot 14 it can be: displaced on thepivotf. The spring 15, fixed at one endy tothe pinv 1'6and at the other end to the lever 10; has for its object to pullftlie lever 10 downward and at the same time for'cethe lever 12 to theext'reme position to the left in Fig. 1'. When the lever 10 now raisesthe lever 12`a'nd' the nose 13,

thelat'tertalres not before but behind the tooth S4. Assimultaneously with'the engagement of the lower stopnose or pawl 13-in the lifting of the lever 10, as described, the upper tooth 9 will be disengaged, the consequence is that the shutter S will move forward through half a revolution. The lower pin or projection 1`1 then catches the tooth S3 and the latter exerts pressure upon the lever 12, so` that this lever is forced back against the action of the spring 15. This position is shown inFig; 2. Byreason of the wound-up spring in the spring-case S5 the rotary motion of the shutter occurs very rapidly, the shutter-aperertures L3 L4, so that an instantaneous exposure is obtained.

The action j ust'de'scribed take's'places when through the medium of the handle 4 the lever 3 is pushedl to the left, Fig. 2, whereby the notch 3a causes asuitableupward movement of the tongue' 8a and .an instantaneous exposure'is'o'btained. The lever' 3'returns automatically toits original position assoon as the handle 4y isi released. For'this purpose the' inclined surface is made of such' a length (the'lever being broader at d than aty c)y and the lateral motion'of the lever is such that the tooth 8L will continue to be guided ont-he inclined surface. In consequenceof tlis'the spring 1?'5, which continually act's'on the'lower lthe right in Fig. 3, and the action of the-levers 8, 10, andl?, as described, is then substantially repeated; but the'leversremainfin their position, inasmuch as the tongue Sahas lost its guide upon the inclined v` surface, and the spring lcannot now move it downward. Furthermore, the nose 5 isnow ready for action. In fact, it is ready for stopping the shutter before they latter is released. In consequence of this the shutter'S can only make a quarter of a revolution beforethe tooth-S4 strikesagainst the pawl 5. In Fig. 3 the aperture Ls is in this manner caused' to y'passin front of the aperture L", anda long exposure now takes place. y After' this` exposure the handle 4 ispushed'back. Thenthe slide performs the' next quarterv of a revolution and the aperture vL4 is again closed. The levers have know returned to the position'shown'in Fig. 1 and are ready for the next exposure. The movement of the lever 3 is limited bythe pins 17 and 18; but this may, however, be effected by the ends of the slot g inthe frame A, wh'erein'tlie handle 4 is placed.

tures passing momentarily between the ap- IOI) An important Objectis accomplishedfby the l spring 15. It' hasto pull the'lever 10 downward, and serves for taking upt'h'e'im'pact of the teeth against the cross-pin 11' andv for the nose or pin 9 is provided on the lever 8 will be understood from Fig. 4, which shows the said lever in plan view. In like manner the noses or pawls 5 and 13are arranged on the levers 2 and 12. The noses or pawls-are shown in dotted lines, as they are behind the levers.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. The combination, with a spring-actuated rotary shutter having peripheral stop-teeth, of a bottom lever` 12, having a stop nose or pawl 13, a lengthwise-movable lever 3, a lever 2, operated by the lengthwise-movable lever and having a stop nose or pawl 5, a vertical lever connected with the bottom lever, a lever 8, having a stop-pin 9 and connected with the vertical lever, and means for lifting the vertical lever by the action of the lengthwisemovable lever, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a rotary shutter having peripheral stop -teeth, of a central shaft or axle S8, on which the shutter loosely turns, a spring-case attached to the shutter and turning therewith on the cent-ral shaft or axle, a ratchet device S7, a bottom lever l2, having a stop nose or pawl 13, a lengthwisemovable lever 3, a lever 2, operated by the lengthwise-movable lever and having a stop nose or pawl 5, a vertical lever 10, connected with the bottom lever, a lever 8, having a stop-pin 9 and connected with the vertical lever, and means for lifting the vertical lever by the action of the lengthwise-movable lever, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a camera-frame, of a rotary shutter having an annular channel in proximity to its periphery, which contains a packing material for excluding light, substantially as described.

el. The combination, with a camera-frame, of a rotary sheet-metal shutterstruck up with an annular channel in proximity to its periphery and containing a soft packing or filling for excluding light, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a rotary shutter having stop-teethat its periphery, of the bottom lever 12, having a stop nose or pawl 13, the pivoted vertical levers 1 and 2, the horizontally-movable lever 3, having its ends pivoted, respectively, to the vertical levers, the top lever 8, having a stop-pin 9 and provided with a lever connection with the bottom lever, and means for actuating the top and bottoln levers by the action of the horizontallymovable lever, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a rotary shutter having stop-teeth at its periphery, of a bottom lever 12, having astop nose or pawl 13, a pivoted lever 2, having a stop nose or pawl 5, a lengthwise-movable lever having an angular notch 3, a top lever 8, having a stop 9, and a vertical lever 10, connecting the top and bottom levers and having an angular projection 8, acted on by the angular notch of the lengthwise-movablelever,substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a rotary shutter having stop-teeth at its periphery, of the sliding and pivoted bottom lever 12, having a stop nose or pawl 13, the pivoted vertical levers 1 and 2, the stop-pins 17 and 18 for limiting the swinging movements of the vertical levers, a horizontally-movable lever 3, having its ends pivoted, respectively, to the said vertical levers, a top lever 8, having a stop 9, a lever connecting the top and bottom levers, and means for operating the said connectinglever by the action of the horizontally-movable lever, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a rotary shutter having stop-teeth S3 S4 arranged diametrically opposite each other, of the three levers 2, 8, and 12, a connection between the levers 8 and 12, and means for swinging the lever 2 and operating the connection between the levers 8 and l2, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FERDINAND SERVUS.

Witnesses:

I. LEMAN, A. SIEBER. 

